For many people, the idea of going to court is intimidating. If you have never been involved
in a legal case before, the court process can feel confusing, formal, and overwhelming.
Questions like What happens at my first court hearing? or how do courts work?
are common—and completely understandable.

This guide is written for first-time litigants in Milwaukee and throughout Wisconsin.
It explains what to expect in court, how to prepare, and how working with a local law firm
can help make the experience more manageable.

Civil Courts vs. Criminal Courts in Wisconsin

One of the most important aspects of understanding how courts work is knowing the difference
between civil and criminal cases. Wisconsin courts handle both, but the purpose and procedures
differ significantly.

Civil Courts

Civil courts resolve disputes between individuals, businesses, or organizations. These cases
typically focus on rights, responsibilities, and compensation rather than punishment.

• Divorce, child custody, and family law matters
• Landlord–tenant disputes
• Contract and business disagreements
• Personal injury claims
• Small claims cases

Criminal Courts

Criminal cases involve alleged violations of Wisconsin law and are prosecuted by the State
of Wisconsin.

• Misdemeanor and felony charges
• OWI and traffic-related offenses
• Municipal ordinance violations

What Happens on a Typical Court Hearing Day

A first court hearing is often procedural rather than dramatic. While every case is different,
many hearings follow a similar structure.

• Checking in with the clerk or bailiff
• Waiting for your case to be called
• Brief discussion of the issue before the court
• Scheduling next steps or receiving court orders

Understanding this process ahead of time helps reduce anxiety and allows clients to focus
on what matters.

Documents Clients Should Bring to Court

Being prepared shows respect for the court and helps your case proceed efficiently.
Clients should generally bring:

• Photo identification
• Court notices, summonses, or hearing letters
• Copies of filed pleadings or motions
• Contracts, agreements, or relevant records
• A notebook for notes

How to Behave in Court

Courtrooms are formal environments, and proper conduct matters. Judges understand that
many people are unfamiliar with court procedures, but professionalism is expected.

• Arrive early
• Dress conservatively and neatly
• Turn off electronic devices
• Stand when the judge enters
• Address the judge as “Your Honor”
• Speak only when asked

How Our Firm Prepares Clients for Court

At a small Milwaukee law firm, preparation is personal. We take time to explain the court
process so clients know what to expect.

• Reviewing the purpose of each hearing
• Explaining likely outcomes and next steps
• Ensuring documents are properly filed
• Preparing clients for courtroom expectations

For first-time litigants, understanding the process builds confidence and reduces stress.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.
For guidance specific to your situation, consult a qualified Wisconsin attorney.